Signal storing and code converting radio telegraph system



Incoming Llne Cki.

Aug. 8, 1950 H. c. A. VAN DUUREN 2, 1

SIGNAL STORING AND com: CONVERTING RADIO TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed Jan. 15, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. Hendrik C. A. van Duuren Aug. 8, 1950 Filed Jan. 15, 1948 VAN H. C. A. DUUREN SIGNAL STORING AND CODE CONVERTING RADIO TELEGRAPH SYSTEM ubcdeFG obcdefg 0 00000 1 4 000 0000 b 000004 1 0000000 0 000001 4 0000000 e 00000 4 4 0000000 f 00000 1 1 00. 000 g 000001 1 0000000 h 000001 1 0000000 i 000001 1 0000000 j 00000 1 1 00000 0.0 k 00000 1 1 0000000 I 00000 1 1 000000 0 V000OO11' 000000.

X 000001 1 0000000 vij 00000 1 1 0000000 Z 0.0000 4 1 0000000 TWO0000 4 1 0000000 .OOIOOO 2 sheets sheet 2 FIGURES 00 00 011 LETTERS000001 1 N0 STRIP 4 1 UN? STR|P000001 1 SPACE00000 4 4 1 OIOOOQO OOOOQOO INVENTOR. Hendnk C. A. van Duuren Attorneys Patented Aug. 8, 1950 "u mmm smonm AND @0912 CONVERTING --RADI6-TELEGRAPH SYSTEM u fl n'ari k A an Bum-en; was'enaaf,

therlands xm pncwsima um 15, 1 94s; Serial No: 2,435 "In the Netherlands November-18, 1946 The supbaratu of my e n code' Well known in the fielgi of autpgmgtiq tatediSp'Q' T'a w jx graphy." When the tongue contagts are extgagmg, l gn .i'gtofi'ng or withthe'markin gfperforatiqnspunchgd in the tape they are-resting. against -cqntact wpi qh apm pl /negative currentthereto;v whereas-when they are in their other position corresponding to spacir'ig elem-nts thy-harve-posittve current ap-- lay F is energized periodically, i. e. once for each letter signal or other signal of the 5 element code shown in the left hand column of Figure 2. Such periodical or timed energization of relay F occurs through rotating contact 6, which constitutes one of a bank or group of rotating contacts effecting circuit closures once for each signal. f

The five 1jel ay- ,contacts f are electrically connected [with a companion series of five relay contacts g which normally stand in open position and are only moved to closed position when a signal repeating operation is to occur. of relay contacts 9 respond to relay G, which is adapted to be energized alternatively with relay F through relay contact p of signal repeating relay P. Under normal signalling conditions the signal repeating relay P is non-operative, at which time its contact 10 occupies the position illustrated for directing operating pulses from ro. 3;; tating contact 5 to relay F. When faulty signal reception calls for a. repetition of signals, the energization of signal repeating relay P by conventional type incoming line equipment; such as,

for example, that-disclosed in van DuurenPat- The marking and spacin elements transmitted from the transmitter tongue contacts l to 5, in-

clusive, through relay contacts f are conveyed to a series of five polarized relays R to R inclusive.

The-bank when a signal is disturbed or mutilated on the outgoing radio path, the receiving station responds to this mutilated signal by transmitting Concurrently therewith, the perforated tape is stopped so that no further tape feeds through the tape transmitter until the signal repeating function has been performed. As a result of the switching function performed by relay contact 2), relay G is operated by the closing of contact 6 The relay contacts 9 of signal repeating relay G are also connected so as to be operative to trans-,-

mit marking and spacing elements to the polarizedrelays R R ,-as .will be later described. These polarized relays R -R -have their armature contactsr to r electrically connected with the windings of code-converting relays ZA, 213,

20, ZD, 2F and ZG. "When the polarized relays R -R5 are energized by negative marking current, these,relays so actuate their armature contacts that the code converter relays ZA, Z3, Z9,

ZD, ZE, ZR or ZG also receive negative current f relay contacts g, and also with a bank of relay contacts "6.

The five series of relay contacts a-a, etc., bb, etc., c--c, etc. and d--d, etc. respond respectively to the sequence relays A, B, C and D. These latter sequence relays are controlled sequentially through the rotating shaft contacts l5, l6, ll and I8,- respectlvely, in such a Way that for four consecutive signals successive series or columns of contactsa, b, c or d are closed at each signal. The rotating contacts 55, Hi, ll and i8 are mounted on a timing shaft which rotates at a'speed one-fourth that of the shaft which drives the rotating contacts 6, l, 8, 9, Iii, H, l2, l3 and M. It will thus be seen that in a train of signals; the last four signals that are transmitted consecutively are stored in .the form 'of combinations of positive and negative charges on the groups of condensers C C C and C be-. cause relay winding E that actuates'relay contacts e is also energized shortly after a signal has been impressed upon polarized relays R --R Referring now to the operations that occur 75 quence relay and the relay R is re-operated to rather than relay F. The closing of the bank of relay contacts 9 upon the energization of relay G places the polarized relays R R in circuit to receive stored signal charges from the groups of condensers (I -C through relay contacts a, b, c or d. The energization combination of positive and negative charges transmitted to the polarized relays R -R in the initial signal repeating operation is dependent upon which of the series of contacts a, b, c, or dis operated first. Assuming, for example, that the group of relay contacts I) have been the last previously closed group of contacts at the time of signal mutilation, then it follows that the relay contacts of group care the next to'be closed, such contacts being closed by the energization of relay 0 through rotating contact ll. Upon the closing of thegroup of contacts c the five condensers 0, 0, etc."are then discharged by Way of relay contactsg to the five polarized relays R -R However, the condensa ers again receive-their respective positive or negative charges of the same signal; such being brought about by theoperation of the polarized relays R R As previously pointed out,.each condenser in a series, of condensersis individual to an associated one of the relays El -R inclusive. Thus, if the fourth element of a signal is a space element, positive potential is applied over tongue contacts 4, contacts 1 and the winding of relay R to ground, whereby its armature r is moved, to its lower position. As relay E operates a short interval thereafter, the fourth condenser of the series associated with the operated one of the sequence relays Ato Dinclusive will receive a positive charge over a circuit which extends by l armature therefor is moved to its upper position,

' series assumes a negative charge.

and negative battery is connected to the con denser over a circuit extending from negative battery over rectifier Q, contacts rtcontacts e,

,the contacts of the operated sequence relay A, B,

C, or D, the fourth condenser of the series and ground. Thus, if the relay R is operated by a negative current responsive to receipt of a marking element, the fourth condenser'oi the assigned Upon operation of relay G and the four sequence relays A, B, C, and D, responsive to faulty signal transmission andthe consequent receipt of a warning signal, the fourth condenser is in its turn connected to relay R by its associated seits upper position to effectretransmissiomof the same signal which: was previously transmitted. Ifrelay R was initially: operated: by a. positive charge, thecondenser will have initially assumed a positive charge, .and on .reconnection to. relay R effects re-operationofthearmature r? to its downward position. Onthe other hand, if relay R was initially operated by a;negati ve charge, the condenser-will have initially assumedza nega. tive charge in themanner described andon re-. connection to relay R will effect re-operation of the armature r to its upperwposition.

It is obvious thatas the relay R is re-operated to its initial position by ;the...condenser to re-. transmit the signal, and as relay Eis-subsequent- 1y cyclically operated as heretofore described, the.

same charging circuit is ,grecompleted for the, fourth condenser of the effective series. Assurn-.

ing, for example, that polarized relay R9 receives a specific negative current or charge from its associated condenser C then the armature contact 1" of this relay lies resting in its upper marking position, and with subsequent operation of relay E; there flows a negative current over rectifier Q, contacts 1' the associated relay contact e to this condenser, C? associated with polarized relay R so thatthis condenser is charged again. Assuming, on the contrary, that polarized relay R is energized by a positive current, then the associated armature contact r is resting in its lower spacing position and there flows a positive current over the normal contactssb and Sa, thence through relay winding ZG, contacts R and relay contact e to the condenser C (associated with polarized relay R and ground), thereby charging this condenser again. The manner in which this condenserdischarging and recharging cycle occurs at each of the other polarized relays R R R and R will be apparent from Figure 1. As asucceeding series of four signals is stored on the condenser sets, it will be apparent that the connection of apotential source to those condensers which are connected thereto on the previous series of signals will cause no-disturbance of the condenser charge. However, those condensers which were charged to one polarity and are now connected to a'potential source of a different polarity will discharge over the connecting circuit and recharge in the reverse direction to the potential. and polarity of the connected source.

It will be.evident that the signal which has been recorded or established in this case on the five condensers C is the lastsignal but three (fourth-last) which had been transmitted before the operation of relay P. Now this signal is transmitted again; and thereafter, through the successive. closing of the groups of contacts d, a and b,.respectively, thelastbut two -(third-last) theilastbut one (second-last) and the last signal which .had been transmitted before theoperation ofrelay P are transmittedagain in the signal repeating cycle.

Thesignal repeating relay P is held energized by a self-holding circuit which extends over a '3 rotary contact (not shown) such ascontacts 6-4 8, so as to be maintained operated during a complete revolution of the shaft on which the con tactsifi, i6, i1 and. item mounted, or, otherwise stated, relayl is only-released by said rotary n 6. the last four signals, etc. Thisis made possible because, as describedabove, each signal is regularly recorded orestablished onthe condensers, even if it was transmitted forthe 2nd time or the mth time.

- .Referringto the tongue contacts l --'.i-of the tape transmitten'it will be seen thatthe conductor which normally: supplies negative pot'ential to the lower contacting elementsof these tongue contacts is-adapted to have positive potential applied thereto through relay contacts 2k, appropriate resistors being interposed between the battery sources and such conductor and relay contacts-s The relay contact 2k is actuated by relay ZK whichis arranged to bereleased whenthe perforated tape is stopped by the conventional apparatus in the incoming line equipment, which is shown :'in block in Figure 1, or when no perforated tape is present. Thus, in each of these instances the tonguecontacts l' to 5 inclusive, all receive positivtepotential irrespective of the positions that they occupy, and.:hence a 5 unit signal consistingexclusively of spacing elements is transmittedto the code converter, with the resulting transmission of the corresponding 7 unit signal (see Figure 2).

Referring to the lower part ;of Figure .1 showing the code converter, the :middle part of the battery is; for example, connected'tozground; the symbol batteryis markingvoltage; and the symbol is an even more negative voltage corresponding to spacingvoltager The -function of the rectifying unit .is to prevent icurrentefrom flowing from to The'functionand operation of the code converter will be described in the transmissionv of an illustrative-signal such as the letter j which has the following grouping of marking and spacingelernents: .XOXXO. Irrespective .of whether the signalihas had-.itsmarkin and spacing elements established upon the tape transmitter tongues i to 5, inclusive, or upon one of the groups ofcondensers C C ,-C or C the polarized relays R R are now energized as follows: R marking'R spacing, R marking, R marking andR spacing. certaineoithe code converting relays ZAZG are now. adapted to be energized by parallel circuits extending from positive battery over contacts Sa and Sb, the windings of relays ZA to ZG, the.closed ones of the contacts r to r and rectifier Q. tonegative battery. Specifically contact. r vvis now. in its raised marking position, whereby an energizing circuit for relay ZA is completed. from positive battery over contacts Sb, Sea, the winding of relay ZA, contacts 7", rectifier Q and negative battery and relay ZA is operated; relay contact 1' is now in its lower spacing position; relay contact r is in its upper marking position and relay ZB is accordingly inoperative at this time, so that converter relay ZC, as well asthe lower winding of relay ZF, are energized from positive battery over contacts Sb and Sa, windings of relays Z 5 and ZC, closed contacts r and rectifier Q to negative battery; relay contact r is now in its upper marking position, so that converter relay ZD, as well as one winding of relay'ZG, is energized over positive battery, contacts Sb and So, the winding of relay ZD and the lower winding of relay ZG, closed contacts 1*, and rectifier Q to negative battery; and relay contacts is now in its lower spacing position whereby relay ZE is not energized at the present time. Allof the relay contacts Za, Zc, Zd, Z1, Zg and also-Zlc have now been switched over.

Referring now to the marking-and spacing volt ages which are impressed upon the rotating shaft contacts 8 to [4, inclusive, during this transmission of the signal 1' (XOXXO in the 5-unit code and OOXOOXX in the 'I-unit code) Shaft contact 8 receives spacing voltage over resistance R Shaft contact 9 receives spacing voltage over resistance R Shaft contact I 0 receives marking voltage over marking contact Zc, spacing contact Zb, marking contact Z1, marking contact Zg, marking contact Za through resistance R Resistance R is substantially smaller than resistances R", R or R. Shaft contact H receives spacing voltage over marking contact Za through resistance R tially smaller than resistance R Shaft contact l2 receives spacing voltage over spacing contact Z marking contact ZcZ through resistance R. Shaft contacts l3 and I4 receive markin voltage over marking contacts Za, Zg, Zf and Za through resistance R Resistance R is substantially smaller than resistances R or R'.

'The marking and spacing voltages thus established 0n the shaft contacts 8 to I4, inclusive, (corresponding to the marking and spacing voltages in the I-unit code of the letter f of Figure 2) are'transmitted successively by the successive operation of the shaft contacts 8 to M, inclusive, to the grids of two triode tubes L and L These two triode tubes L and L are connected in balance, with negative voltage on the cathodes, so that when a marking element of a signal is transmitted from rotary contacts 8 to M, in-

clusive, the grids and cathods of these two tubes have the same potential and conduct current through the tubes. Assuming that the input terminals 70 receive a tone, originating, for example, from an oscillator, then this tone is amplified through the tubes and conducted to the output terminal 10 for conduction to the transmitter.

'When a spacing signal element is transmitted from the rotary contacts 84 1, inclusive, the voltage at the grids of the tubes L and L is rendered more negative than the voltage at the cathodes, so that the tubes are brought to cutoff, and'no tone is then transmitted.

The two repeat request warnin signals I and II for indicating signal mutilation and the idle time signal are shown in the 7 -unit code at the bottom of the right hand code column in Figure ample, the operation of relay SA with relays ZA to ZG and SB restored effects, at its contacts, the

' removal of marking voltage from rotary contact l4 and the application of that marking voltage to contact 12, and the idle time signal becomes signal I-which comprises the elements OXXOXOO. The circuit for effecting this change from an idle time signal to warning signal I extends from the source of space potential over resistance R contacts Za Zg, Zd, Za, Ze, and Set to rotary contact l2. V

Ineffecting the'transmission of the warning signal II, both relays SB and SA are placed in the operated condition. It will be seen therefrom that the only difference between the warning signal I and warning signal II comprises a transfer operation at the contacts of relay SB,

whereby space voltage is removed from rotary Resistance R is substanwill be seen how the contact l and applied to rotary contact 9 to thereby eifect the signal OOXXXOO. The new energizing circuit extends over resistance R", contacts Zb, Zc, Za, Z9 and Sb to contact 9. As will be seen from Figure 1, in either casecontacts Sa operate and relay E cannot-be energized, and the perforated tape, as well as the groups of condensers C C etc. are cut out. Thus, all of the relays are rendered non-operative, from which it warning signals I and II are transmitted.

While I have illustrated and described what I regard to be the preferred embodiment of my invention, nevertheless it will be understood that such is merely exemplary and that numerous modifications and rearrangements may be made therein without departing from the essence of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a telegraph system of the class described, the combination of five sets of transmitter contacts and associated conductors establishing five transmitting channels over which the marking and spacing elements of a 5-unit code are transmitted from a' perforated tape, polarized relays for each of said channels responsive to the marking and spacing potentials transmitted therein, code converting relays responsive to' the contacts of said polarized relays for converting the 5-unit code into a different code having a larger num-= ber of elements, signal storing condensers for each of said transmitting channels, and means responsive to signal mutilation for causing said condensers to energize said polarized relays for repeating the mutilated signal.

2. In a telegraph system of the class described, the combination of five sets of transmitter contacts and associated conductors establishing five transmitting channels over which the marking and spacing elements of a 5-unit code are transmittedirom a perforated tape, separate polarized relays responsive to the marking and spacing potentials transmitted over said channels, code converting relays responsive to the contacts of said polarized relay for converting the 5-unit code into a different code having a larger number of units, separate groups of signal storing condensers for each of said five transmitting channels adapted to store the marking and spacing potentials of a sequence of signals, sequence switches for connecting said condensers sequentially in circuit in said transmitting channels for storing the marking and spacing elements of successive signals, and means responsive to signal mutilation for causing said condensers to energize said polarized relays for repeating'the mutilated signal.

3. In a telegraph system of the class described, the combination of five sets of transmitter con-' tacts and associated conductors establishing five transmitting channels over which the marking and spacing elements of a 5-unit code are transmitted from a perforated tape, separate polarized relays responsive to the marking and spacing p0- tentials transmitted over said channels, code converting relays responsive to the contacts of said polarized relays for converting the 5-unit code into a different code having a larger number of units, separate groups of signal storing condensers for each of said five transmitting channels adapted to store the marking and spacing potentials of a sequence of signals, sequence switches for connecting said condensers sequentially in circuit in said transmitting channels for storing the marking and spacing elements of successive signals, and means responsive to signal mutilation for causing said condensers to energize saidpolarized relays for repeating the mutilated signal, said lattermeans comprising discon nect relay means for disconnecting saidpolarized relays from said transmitter Contacts, and signal repeating relay means for connecting said condensers to energize said polarized relays to effect signal repeating operations.

4. In a radio telegraph system, the combine tion of five sets of transmitter contacts and associated conductors establishing five transmitting channels over which the marking and spacing elements of a -unit code are transmitted from a perforated tape, a polarized relay individual to each of said channels responsive to the marking and spacing potentials transmitted over said channel, code converting relays responsive to the contacts of said polarized relays for converting the Ea -unit code into a Zunit code, a separate group of sign-a1 storing condensers individual to each of said transmitting channels for storing the marking 01 spacing potentias transmitt l over each channel in the transmission of a plurality of successive signals, sequence switches for connecting said condensers sequentially in cir-- suit for storing the marking or spacing elements of the signals, successively energized relay means for actuating said sequence switches, disconnect relay means responsive to signal mutilation for disconnecting said polarized relays from said transmitter contacts, and signal repeating relay means responsive to signal mutilation for connecting said condensers to energize said polarized relays to effect signal repeating operations.

5. In apparatus of the class described, the-combination of five transmitting channels including transmitter contacts responsive to a perforated tape for transmitting 5-unit code signals made up of marking elements and spacing elements, signal storing condensers associated with said five transmitting channels for the indiscriminate storing of either marking elements or spacing elements of successive relays adapted to respond to the marking elements and spacing ele ments transmitted over said five channels from said transmitter contacts or from said signal storing condensers, means for causing said relays to respond to the marking elements and spacing elements transmitted from said transmitter contacts during normal signalling, and means for causing said relays to respond to the marking elements and spacing elements transmitted from said a ,.a1 storing condensers upon signal mutilation.

6. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of transmitting means for transmitting code signals made up of marking elements and spacing elements, signal storing condensers adapted to store said marking elements and spacing elements concurrently with the transmission thereof, relays adapted to respond to the marking elements and spacing elements transmitted from said transmitter contacts or from said signal storing condensers, and means responsive to mutilation of the signal output from said relays for causing said relays to respond to marking elements and spacing elements from said signal storing condensers.

'7. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of five transmitting channels including transmitter contacts responsive to a 5-unit code tape for transmitting 5-unit code signals made up of marking elements and spacing elements, signal storing condensers associated with said five transmitting ohannels adapted for the indiscriminate storing of eith'er the marking elements -or the spacing elements of successive signals, polarized relays associated with said five transmitting channels, means for causing said polarized relays to respond to the marking elements and spacing elements of said 5-unit code signals transmitted from said transmitter contacts during normal signalling operations, and for causing said signal storing condensers to store charges therein correspond ing to said marking elements and spacing elements concurrently with the operation of said polarized relays, code converting relays controlled by said polarized relays for converting said 5-unit code signals into I-unit code signals, and means responsive to mutilation of the output signals from said code converting relays for causing said signal storing condensers to discharge to said polarized relays for repeating the mutilated signal.

8. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of five transmitting channels including transmitter contacts responsive to a 5-unit code tape for transmitting 5-unit code signals made up of marking elements and spacing elements, signal storing condensers associated with said five transmitting channels adapted for the indiscriminate storing of either the marking elements or the spacing elements of successive signals, polarized relays associated with said five transmitting channels, means for causing said polarized relays to respond to the marking elements and spacing elements of said 5-unit code signals transmitted from said transmitter contacts during normal signalling operations, and for causing said signal storing condensers to store charges therein corresponding to said marking elements and spacing elements concurrently with the operation of said polarized relays, code converting relays controlled by said polarized relays for converting said 5-unit code signals into '7-unit code signals, and means responsive to mutilation of the output signals from said converter relays for causing said condensers to discharge to said polarized relays, and also causing said condensers to be recharged With corresponding charges.

9. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of five transmitting channels including transmitter contacts responsive to a 5-unit code tape for transmitting 5-unit code signals made up of marking elements and spacing elements, signal storing condensers associated with said five transmitting channels adapted for the indiscriminate storing of either the marking elements or the spacing elements of successive signals, polarized relays associated with said five transmitting channels, means for causing said polarized relays to respond to the marking elements and spacing elements of said 5-unit code signals transmitted from said transmitter contacts during normal signalling operations, and for causing said signal storing condensers to store charges therein corresponding to said marking elements and spacing elements concurrently with the operation of said polarized relays, code converting relays controlled by said polarized relays for converting said 5-unit code signals into 'Z-unit code signals, and means responsive to mutilation of the 7-unit code signals outgoing from said converter relays for performing the three-fold function of stopping the perforated tape, causing the condensers to discharge their charges to said polarized relays for repeating the 11 12 mutilated signal, and recharging said condensers UNITED STATES PATENTS with their previously existing charges. Number Name a f Y DUUREN- 2,095,144 Masson Oct. 5, 1937 REFERENCES CITED y 2,279,353 Van Duuren Apr. 14, 1942 0 2,298,939 Griffiths et a1. Oct. 13, 1942 The following references are of record in the file pf this patent: 

